War & Conflict- True False
Macedonian Wars
 
1.  Philip of Macedonia was held as a hostage in Athens.

2.  The Greeks viewed the Macedonians as intellectual and cultural equals.

3.  Philip vowed he would revive the glory of Athens and avenge the city’s loss to Sparta and its burning by Persia.

4.  Philip invaded the Peloponnesus and acquired their gold mines to fund his army.

5.  Philip improved the phalanx formation by increasing the spacing between men, which gave the phalanx more maneuverability.

6.  The Macedonians used the sarissa which was a longer pike than the dory.

7.  Philip conquered all of Greece and united it for the first time and formed the Hellenic League.  Only Sparta was excluded.

8.  Alexander became the next king of Macedonia.   He vowed to destroyed the Persian Empire and unite the world under Greek culture.

9.  Alexander had a love for and idolized the Greek warrior Hector.

10.  The Persians narrowly defeated Alexander at Granicus.

11.  Alexander realized he needed to gain control of the seas.  Therefore he hired a mercenary fleet that eliminated the Persian fleet.

12.  At the Battle of Issus, Alexander crushed the Persians and Darius III offered a peace deal with Alexander.

13.  Alexander untied the Gordium knot located at Sardis, which helped to convince his men he was divine.

14.  After a brief fight, the city of Tyre surrendered in order to avoid total destruction.

15.  At the Battle of Arbela, Alexander’s intentional shift to the right of his phalanx opened a gap in the Persians that allowed Alexander to crush the Persian center. 

16.  Alexander defeated an Indian army but a serious wound convinced him it was time to return back to Greece.